1898.50.1.11

Collection type

Object

Description

Skirt or thigh guard [haidate], part of Samurai armour set. It is made of green and golden brocade textile, with a cloth strap to one side. The lower section is covered by four rows of narrow vertical lacquered metal plates joined together with black braided cord. [PR [OPS move] 4/7/2017]

Long description

Please see for the helmet [.1], face mask/gorget [.2], greave [.3], greave [.4],shoulder plate [.5], shoulder plate [.6], gauntlet [.7], gauntlet [.8], sleeve [.9], sleeve [.10], pair of leggings (destroyed) [.12], neck padding [.13], pair of sandals [.14.1 & .14.2], sword [.15.1] & sheath [.15.2], ?sword (added)[.16] , cuirass [.17]. [PR [OPS move] 3/7/2017]

Geographical reference

Japan

Asia > Eastern Asia > Japan

Cultural groups

Samurai

Person

Field collector Lucy Markby

PRM source Lucy Markby

Date / Period

Date made: Before 1873

Date collected

By 1873

Acquisition information

Donated: 1898

Materials and processes

Material Textile, Material Silk Textile Animal, Material Metal, Material Yarn, Material Lacquer Varnish, Material Wood Plant, Process Tied, Process Stitched, Process Cast, Process Lacquered Varnished

Dimensions

Width: max 340 mm, Length: max 525 mm

Object numbers

Accession number: 1898.50.1.11

Research and responses

Japanese iron armours were initially of lamellar construction, but armour became increasingly plate-oriented over time. The Sengoku Jidai (‘Age of Battles’, 1550-1600) was a period of intense and nationwide conflict in Japan, and this promoted a rapid acceleration of armoury innovations in this time. All of the armours on display in Case U6A are of the tosei-gusoku (‘modern armour’, post-1500) type, with a fully fitted cuirass, smaller shoulder guards and a lighter form than the box-like hanging lamellar plates of o-yoroi (‘great armours’), which characterised the preceding centuries. Following Tokugawa Ieyasu’s 1615 reunification of the country under the Shogunate, Japan enjoyed over a century of unprecedented peace (the Edo or Tokugawa period). During this time, daimyo and the samurai class as a whole underwent a significant change from practical to symbolic warriorhood – becoming administrators and diplomats rather than warlords. This – and particularly the Sankin Kotai obligation for daimyo to attend the court at Edo, with the extensive annual parading to and fro – promoted major changes in armour, which became richer and more ornate than it had ever been. Various components of the armours also became associated with religious and mythical figures during the early Edo period – overlaying them with layers of symbolic reference. Between 1709-22, the master armourer Arai Hakuseki wrote The Armour Book in Honcho-Gunkiko (1964) – in which he deplored the decline of the ancient o-yoroi (‘great armours’). He also argued that the sight of a general (Taisho) in imposing and grand antique-style armour was of tactical morale-boosting value to an army. This book caused an archaistic shift in armour-making, throughout the 18th century. In 1799, Sakikibara Kozan wrote an armoury manual criticising Japanese armour as showy and impractical, which caused a return to the more functional armour styles of the Sengoku Jidai. After 1868, and the overthrow of the Shogunate during the Boshin War, the Imperial party suppressed the cultural status of the samurai class. It became a legal offence to wear the paired katana and wakizashi swords (the de facto insignia of samurai status), and armour suffered similarly. Japan was undergoing radical social, economic and technological change during this period, under the influence of external Western powers, and the Japanese army was progressively Westernised on the most modern German model of the day. Relevant Reading: Norman, F.J. (1905) The Fighting Man of Japan: The Training & Exercises of the Samurai. London: Archibald Constable & Co. Swann, P.C. (1958) An Introduction to the Arts of Japan. Oxford: Bruno Cassirer. Ryukasu, T., de Bary, W.T. & Keene, D. (1962) Sources of Japanese Tradition. New York: Columbia University Press. Arai, H. (1964 (1709-22) The Armour Book in Honcho-Gunkiko. London: The Holland Press. Robinson, H.R. (1965) A Short History of Japanese Armour. London: HMSO. Moad, M.I. (1982) An Exhibition of Japanese Armour from the L.J. Anderson Collection. Rochester-upon-Medway: City Council Guildhall Museum. Bottomley, I. & Hopson, A.P. (nd) The Samurai Armour at Snowshill Manor. London: The National Trust. Carey, J. (1995) Samurai Undressed. Torquay: The Devonshire Press. Research Conducted for DCF Cutting Edge Project 2006/2007 [AM]

Search terms: Armour Weapon, Clothing, Skirt, Armour