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Pitt Rivers Museum

1909.61.1

Miniature brass imitation of stone axe (thunderbolt emblem).


1909.61.1

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Collection type
Object
Description
Miniature brass imitation of stone axe (thunderbolt emblem).
Geographical reference
Benin
Cultural groups
Edo
Person
Field collector William John Ansorge
PRM source William Downing Webster
Date / Period
Date made: Before 1909
Date collected
By 1909; possibly 1897
Acquisition information
Purchased: 1909
Materials and processes
Material Brass Metal, Process Lost Wax Cast
Dimensions
Length 25 mm
Object numbers
Accession number: 1909.61.1
Research and responses

This object is part of a set purchased from antiquities dealer William Downing Webster in 1909. They had been purchased by Webster on 30th November 1909 at the sale of ‘the Collection of Dr. W. J. Ansorge’ at Stevens Auction Rooms. The seven pendants are likely to be part of lot 135, listed in the sales catalogue as "Necklet consisting of 20 bronze triangular pendants. It is said that only Pages in attendance on the King of Benin were allowed to wear such a pendant, and then only on certain special occasions in the year."

William John Ansorge, a physician, was posted as medical officer in Uganda from 1895 to 1898. He is listed in the Military Campaign Medal and Award Rolls in 1902 for the Aro Expedition of 1901-02. [JMC 14/04/2023]

Associated publications
Illustrated by a line-drawing (by Henry Balfour) as Figure 11 in Plate II (facing page 170) in ‘Concerning Thunderbolts (Continued)’, by H[enry]. Balfour, in Folk-Lore, Vol. 40, no. 2 (30 June 1929), pp. 168–72. Caption (page 170) for Figures 10–14: ‘Figs. 10–14—Small bronze pendants in the form of miniature neolithic celts, with perforations for suspension. Benin, Nigeria. These appear to have been cast by the cire perdue process. 10 [1909.61.7] is exactly modelled upon the almond-shaped stone celt type with strongly convex surfaces; the double zigzag design may, perhaps, symbolise lightning. 11 [1909.61.1] is of flatter shape and undecorated. 12 [1909.61.3] has flat surfaces and squared margins. 13 [1909.61.4] has facetted margins and is embellished with a chopper-like design. 14 [1909.61.6] has the design in relief and the squared lateral margins are transversely grooved. These mimic celts in bronze may, no doubt, be regarded as thunder or lightning symbols, the emblems of the Thunder-god, and as typifying the actual stone celts, which throughout West Africa are recognised as “thunderbolts,” “god-axes,” etc.’ [JC 4 12 2014] Listed as no B9/49 on p. 2.1.33 and nos G4/74 - G4/79 on p. 2.1.79 in An Illustrated Catalogue of Benin Art, by Philip J. C. Dark (Boston, MA: G. K. Hall, 1982). [JC 1995]

Search terms: Religion, Tool, Weapon, Amulet, Axe